Moderate / early
Cordyceps
Small human trials suggest possible improvements in oxygen uptake and time to exhaustion after consistent use.
What one trial foundIn 28 healthy adults, a 4 g/day mushroom blend containing Cordyceps militaris increased VO₂max after 3 weeks versus placebo.
Study details and limits
- The intervention was a mushroom blend, so the effect cannot be assigned to cordyceps alone. Source
- A separate acute 1 g study found a post-exercise attention benefit but no peak-VO₂ improvement. Source
Two small crossover trials found higher hemoglobin after 2-3 weeks, but performance outcomes were inconsistent.
What changed - and what didn'tOne trial improved sprint power but not a 16.1-km time trial. Another found no improvement in VO₂max, maximal power, or time to fatigue.
Study details and limits
- 15 trained male cyclists, 6 g/day for 21 days. Source
- 17 recreationally active adults, 6 g/day for 14 days. Source
Mixed
Blueberry anthocyanins
Blueberries can shift some inflammatory lipid mediators after hard exercise, but benefits for soreness and performance have not been consistent.
Best-supported wordingSupports antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways - not a guaranteed recovery or performance boost.
Study details and limits
- An 18-day trial found favorable oxylipin changes but no change in soreness, muscle damage, or performance. Source
- A 13-study review found no significant overall performance effect. Source
MCTs can be oxidized as an energy substrate and may increase fat oxidation during lower-intensity exercise.
What is not establishedNo cited trial demonstrated better endurance or time-trial performance. Higher acute doses may cause gastrointestinal distress.
Study details and limits
- Tracer research showed MCTs were oxidized during prolonged cycling, especially with carbohydrate, but did not measure performance. Source
- A 2-week crossover trial found a fat-oxidation signal that varied by sex and fatty-acid composition. Source
Early animal research points to an anti-fatigue and exercise-capacity signal from king trumpet mushroom polysaccharides.
What the model foundIn aged mice, 20 days of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides prolonged exhaustive swimming and lowered lactate and blood urea nitrogen.
Study details and limits
- This was a mouse model using an isolated polysaccharide dose, not a human trial or a test of a finished blend. Source
Mouse exercise studies report longer time to exhaustion and changes in fatigue-related markers after chaga polysaccharide supplementation.
What the model foundTreated mice showed longer swimming or treadmill endurance alongside lower lactate and higher glycogen in some experiments.
Study details and limits
- These findings come from animal models and concentrated extracts; they do not establish an effect in people. Source
Reishi polysaccharides have shown anti-fatigue signals in mouse exercise models, including longer exhaustive-swim time.
What the model foundAfter 28 days, treated mice had longer swim endurance, more liver glycogen, and lower lactate and urea nitrogen.
Study details and limits
- This was preclinical research at body-weight-adjusted doses, not a human performance trial. Source
Limited / mixed
Lion's mane
Lion's mane has been tested around graded exercise, but the available human study did not improve cardiorespiratory fitness, fuel use, or cognition.
What the human study foundFour weeks at 10 g/day produced no significant benefit in a small college-age cohort.
Study details and limits
- The trial was small and single-blind, so it is a useful null finding rather than a final answer. Source
Shiitake appears in early anti-fatigue research and in a five-mushroom human blend that improved physical-fatigue scores.
The important limitThe human trial tested a blend, so shiitake cannot receive individual credit for the result.
Study details and limits
- The 12-week trial used lion's mane, cordyceps, reishi, shiitake, and maitake together in adults with stress and sleep concerns, not athletes. Source
Kale contributes to the broader leafy-green and dietary-nitrate evidence base connected with muscle function.
What the evidence showsHigher long-term intake of nitrate-rich vegetables was associated with greater leg strength and faster walking speed; this was not a kale supplement trial.
Study details and limits
- The finding is observational and reflects dietary patterns, not proof that a serving of kale changes exercise performance. Source
Limited / mixed
Strawberry
Strawberry has been studied alongside exercise for post-meal lipid and oxidative-stress responses, but the small trial did not show a clear exercise-performance benefit.
What the trial foundIn 10 men, exercise changed triglyceride exposure; strawberry did not improve the main triglyceride or oxidative-stress outcomes versus placebo.
Study details and limits
- The study tested 25 g freeze-dried strawberry after prior-day cycling in men with overweight or obesity, not athletic performance. Source
A very small human study found a post-exercise lactate-clearance signal when lemon juice was paired with glucose.
What the study foundAfter one hour of cycling, lemon juice plus glucose accelerated the decline in blood lactate versus glucose alone during a 60-minute recovery.
Study details and limits
- Only six men participated, and the trial measured lactate clearance rather than later performance. Source